Tholian

The Tholians are a reclusive, xenophobic spacefaring species native to the class-Y planet Tholia, located in the Alpha Quadrant, bordering territories of the United Federation of Planets and the Klingon Empire.

Biology
The Tholian body is enclosed in a semi-transparent orange crystalline exoskeleton, beneath which it is possible to see fluids in motion. Tholians have a somewhat humanoid torso supported by six thin, jointed arachnoid legs arranged in radial symmetry. They also have a pair of insectoid arms. Two shiny, pupil-less eyes (or possibly some other sense organ) are the only distinct features visible on their heads.

Tholians require an extremely hot environment to live, with temperatures over 450 Kelvin (177 °C, 350 °F) being considered ideal. They are able to tolerate lower temperatures only for brief periods, after which their carapaces will start to fracture. If exposed to very cold temperatures, their body fluids will freeze and their body will shatter violently, similarly to what happens with Earth species when exposed to liquid nitrogen.

It is known that Tholians are hermaphrodite, although whether they reproduce sexually or asexually is still up to debate.

The Tholian language seems to consist of series of clicks and chirps. Even with a universal translator, their voices will still sound like high-pitched computer voice. They are also able to communicate via radiation waves, which they can produce and modulate.

Culture and society
The Tholian government is called the Tholian Assembly. Tholians are a very reclusive, territorial and xenophobic people. They rarely leave their territory and will aggressively attack those which enter theirs. They do have the habit of annexing surrounding systems to expand their area, though (although this behavior has only been observed in the Mirror Universe).

Tholians also have a propensity for precision and are famous for their punctuality. Tholian silk is a very esteemed and hard to obtain product. It is currently unknown if the silk is biologically produced by Tholians or simply manufactured by them.

It is also known that they have a particular fascination with space-time anomalies (wormholes, space-time rifts, etc) and were one of the first species to request access to the Bajoran Wormhole following its discovery in 2369.

Technology
The Tholians' most notable technological achievement is arguably the Tholian webs. These are filamentous energy nets generated by specialized Tholian spacecrafts and used to immobilize an enemy vessel. The web's construction requires at least two crafts, but the process is significantly faster when done by several crafts. The web can be disrupted by destroying the ships that are weaving it before the process is finished.

History
Tholians made first contact with Humans in the 22th century. In the 24th century, the Federation was seemingly at conflict with Tholians, as the latter destroyed a Federation starbase, with the only survivor being Commander Riker's father. Later, the Tholians were one of the Alpha Quadrant races to remain neutral during the Dominion War, signing a nonaggression pact with the Dominion.

Tholians were also one of the many species to become involved in the so-called Temporal Cold War, as they fought against the Suliban while trying to acquire future technologies.

Appearances

 * Star Trek, s03e09, "The Tholian Web" (1968)

Star Trek: Typhon Pact
The Tholians joined five other interstellar powers (including the Gorn and Romulans) in an alliance called the Typhon Pact in the late 24th century, after the Borg Invasion of 2381. The Typhon Pact stood in opposition to the Khitomer Accords which consisted of the United Federation of Planets and several other interstellar powers (e.g. the Klingons).

Star Fleet Universe
The Tholians are actually native to the Messier-81, also known as Bode's Galaxy, which is outside our Local Group. The Tholian Assembly used to rule this entire galaxy, until they were overthrown by the insectoid Seltorians, after which some of the surviving remnants migrated to the Milky Way galaxy, with the Seltorians in pursuit.

Others
In one timeline in the 25th century, following the Dominion's victory over the Federation Alliance in the Dominion War, the Tholians signed a non-aggression pact with the Dominion. By 2409, the Tholians controlled most of the Beta Quadrant.